Writing
Things I've thought about long enough to write down.
A mix of published pieces and ongoing writing. Eventually this will be a fuller index — for now, the things worth sharing.
A brief primer on AI
A working, clickable reference that starts by untangling AI, machine learning, neural networks and deep learning, then follows one training loop from prediction and loss through backpropagation.
Overcomplicate.exe
Hidden math and systems behind everyday phenomena. The kind of thing you explain at dinner and lose people in 30 seconds. A running series on the surprising structure underneath things that seem ordinary.
Technology and innovation will help us live longer
Co-authored with Dr Michael Gan. Digital health, preventive care, and Malaysia's healthcare landscape — what the data says, what the system still gets wrong, and where the opportunity sits.
The Rise of Digital and Precision Agriculture
IoT, AI, and digital twins in farming. Written during my IDTechEx days, when I was doing deep tech market analysis. The intersection of sensors, data, and agriculture is still underrated.
Vertical farming: three key challenges the industry must overcome
Energy, labour, urban integration, and the economic constraints facing vertical farming. Written while I was analysing the sector at IDTechEx.